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Glossary
| AJB |
Array Connection Box, an enclosure where cables are joined and/or connected to electrical equipment and/or protective devices. |
| Altitude |
The angle between the sun’s rays and the horizontal plane. (see graphic)
Altitude = 90° – Latitude |
| Array |
PV Modules arranged in strings |
| Azimuth |
The angle on the horizontal plane. The angles to the east are negative, to the west positive. |
| By-pass diode |
A diode that is connected in parallel with a PV module, typically 6A, 600V Schottky Diodes. |
| Cable (Size, Insulation) |
Minimum size: 2.5mm2
Double insulated and flex type, uv and heat resistance. Insulation voltage: 1.2 x Uoc_array |
| Cable Voltage drop |
Should be less than 5% between the PV array and the inverter |
| Class II |
Equipment with double insulation, or reinforced insulation. |
| Conversion Efficiency |
See Inverter Efficiency |
| Diffuse radiation |
The solar radiation received from the sun after its direction has been changed by scattering in the atmosphere [kW/m2] |
| Direct radiation |
The solar radiation received direct from the sun [kW/m2] |
| Earthing |
Reasons for earthing:
- Equipotential bonding to avoid uneven potentials across and installation
(min 6mm2 earthing conductor)
- Protective earthing to provide a path for fault currents to flow
- Lighting protection
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| Energy |
Power * time [Wh}
1Ws = 1 Joule
1Wh = 3’600 Joule = 3.6kJ
1kWh = 3’600’000 Joule = 3.6MJ
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| Energy Efficiency |
EE means using less electricity to accomplish the same activity. |
| Fill Factor |
The fill factor is a ratio of max power to the product of Isc and Voc and is an operating characteristic which indicates the performance of a cell: FF := (ImpVmp) / (IscVoc) = Pmp/(IscVoc). Typical FF: 0.6 .. 0.7 |
| Global radiation |
Is the sum of the beam of the direct and diffuse radiations arriving on a surface. [kW/m2] |
| Inverter |
Device which invert the DC PV Power into AC Power |
| Inverter Efficiency |
Converting the D.C. Power to A.C. Power hcon
Tracking the max power point of the PV Array
For the Solarmax (SWISSPROF Standard Inverter) it is around 97%. |
| Irradiation |
Is the Energy per unit area of a surface by integrating the irradiance over a specific time.
It is the integral over the time or the sum for each hour given over the day/month/year etc.
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| Load Profile |
A time based load, usually over one day period to show when is the most load on the system and when does the PV system generate the power.
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| O&M |
Operation and Maintenance |
| Peak Sun Hours |
It is the equivalent number of hours in a day of irradiation when the solar power intensity is 1kW/m2.
PSH := H [kWh/m2] / 1kW/m2 = xxhours
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| Photoelectric effect |
If light with sufficient energy falls onto silicon arranged to form a p-n junction and penetrates to a point near the junction, the photo-electric effect will create free electrons near the junction.
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| PTM |
Pusat Tenaga Malaysia |
| PV |
Photovoltaic |
| PV System |
Complete Photovoltaic System |
| SPD |
Surge Protective Device
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| String |
Amount of PV Modules in series |
| Wp |
Peak Power |
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PMCC-INTERNATIONAL
SWISSPROF